By Kate Moss, Ph.D, Doctoral Lecturer and Full-time Faculty, General Education & BA in Liberal Studies Writing Fellows (WAC) and Tutoring Coordinator
Tips and resources for using quotations/paraphrases:
- Avoiding dropped quotations: Quote Sandwich from St. Louis Community College. Be careful not to place quotations into your writing without introducing or commenting on them. This is called a “dropped quotation”. Consider the three steps of the “quotation sandwich”: introduce the quotation with a signal phrase, then quote, then analyze, comment on or contextualize the quote. (Also see the “APA Signal Phrase” resource below!)
- APA 7 signal phrases for quotes/paraphrases (Antioch College): this PDF handout gives examples of how to use signal phrases to introduce a quotation or paraphrased passage in your writing. Signal phrases also work in MLA style (though the in-text citation will differ).
- Using Quotations (Excelsior OWL)
- Paraphrasing (Excelsior OWL)
